Syncope

Differential

• Cardiovascular
• Arrhythmia, Ischemia
• Structural Abnormalities (valvular heart disease, CM, Atrial myxoma)
• Tamponade
  
• Aortic dissection
• Pacer / ICD Malfunction
  
• Hypovolemia
• N/V/D
• Blood loss
• GI, AAA, Trauma (solid organ, hollow viscus)
  
• PE
• Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
• CNS
• CVA/TIA
• SAH
• Hypoglycemia
• Endocrine
• Adrenal Insufficiency / Crisis
• Toxins
• Medications (anti-hypertensives, diuretics, erectile dysfunction, antiemetics, antipsychotics/depressants)
• Drugs
• Neurocardiogenic syncope
• Micturion / Defecation / Cough / Deglutition / Situational
• Deconditioning
  

EKG

• Ischemia (ACS, PE)
  
• Tachy / Brady / AV Blocks
• Intervals
• Short - pre-excitation
• Long - QTc
• HOCM
• Brugada