Acute pulmonary edema with systolic dysfunction	Nicardipine, fenoldopam, or nitroprusside in combination with nitroglycerin and a loop diuretic
Acute pulmonary edema with diastolic dysfunction	Esmolol, metoprolol, labetalol, or verapamil in combination with low-dose nitroglycerin and a loop diuretic
Acute myocardial ischemia	Labetalol or esmolol in combination with nitroglycerin
Hypertensive encephalopathy	Nicardipine, labetalol, or fenoldopam
Acute aortic dissection	Labetalol or combination of nicardipine and esmolol or combination of nitroprusside with either esmolol or IV metoprolol
Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia	Labetalol or nicardipine
Acute renal failure /MAHA	Nicardipine or fenoldopam
Sympathetic crisis/cocaine overdose	Verapamil, diltiazem, or nicardipine in combination with a benzodiazepine
APH	Esmolol, nicardipine, or labetalol
Acute ischemic stroke/intracerebral bleed	Nicardipine, labetalol, or fenoldopam

Enalaprilat	1.25 mg over 5 min every 4 to 6 h, titrate by 1.25-mg increments at 12- to 24-h intervals to maximum of 5 mg q6h
Esmolol	500 µg/kg loading dose over 1 min, infusion at 25 to 50 µg/kg/min, increased by 25 µg/kg/min every 10 to 20 min to maximum of 300 µg/kg/min
Fenoldopam	0.1 µg/kg/min initial dose, 0.05 to 0.1 µg/kg/min increments to maximum of 1.6 µg/kg/min
Labetalol	20-mg initial bolus, 20- to 80-mg repeat boluses or start infusion at 2 mg/min with maximum 24-h dose of 300 mg (preferred in patients that are also tachycardic)
Nicardipine	5 mg/h, increase at 2.5 mg/h increments every 5 min to maximum of 15 mg/h (preferred in patients with normal HR or bradycardic)
Nitroglycerin	5 µg/min, titrated by 5 µg/min every 5 to 10 min to maximum of 60 µg/min
Nitroprusside	0.5 µg/kg/min, increase to maximum of 2 µg/kg/m to avoid toxicity
Phentolamine	1- to 5-mg boluses, maximum 15-mg dose